Key Difference

“Shall” is primarily used to indicate future intentions or strong suggestions, especially in formal English, while “should” is commonly used for recommendations, advice, or expressing an expectation.

Detailed Breakdown

1. “Shall”

• Usage: Traditionally used to talk about the future, especially with “I” and “we.”
• Meaning: Can imply something is planned, intended, or a formal rule. In formal contexts, it suggests a commitment or requirement.
• Examples:
  • Future Intentions: “I shall go to the meeting tomorrow.”
  • Offers and Suggestions: “Shall we begin the presentation?” (This is often a polite suggestion to start something together.)
  • Formal Obligations: “The tenant shall pay the rent by the first of every month.” (This is a rule or requirement.)

2. “Should”

• Usage: Used for giving advice, suggestions, or expressing an expectation. Often has a slightly softer tone than “shall.”
• Meaning: Implies a recommendation, something that is right, or an expectation that might not be certain.
• Examples:
  • Advice: “You should try to get more rest.” (Suggesting what would be beneficial.)
  • Expectations: “He should arrive any minute now.” (Expecting but not guaranteeing.)
  • Moral Obligation: “People should treat each other with respect.” (It’s the right thing to do.)

Quick Analogy

Think of “shall” as a clear path or rule you are set to follow, while “should” is more like a suggestion to guide you but not something you’re strictly bound to.

Usage Tips

• British vs. American English: “Shall” is more common in British English, especially in formal settings. In American English, “will” is typically used instead for future intentions, and “shall” is mostly reserved for legal or formal contexts.
• Politeness and Formality: “Shall” sounds more formal and is polite when suggesting something in a group setting (“Shall we dance?”). “Should” is more casual and useful for everyday recommendations or expectations.

Practice Exercises

Fill in the blanks with “shall” or “should”:

1. _________ we meet at the park this evening?
2. You really _________ apologize for the misunderstanding.
3. They _________ complete the project by the end of the month. (hint: think of a requirement)
4. He _________ be home by now. (hint: think of expectation)

Answer Key

1. Shall we meet at the park this evening?
2. You really should apologize for the misunderstanding.
3. They shall complete the project by the end of the month.
4. He should be home by now.